CMake and Python

在 CMake 中指定 Conda 环境或 venv 环境的两种方法。以下方式均可以通过修改 CMakeLists.txt 来实现，也可以在命令行执行 cmake 时添加 -D 参数实现。

FindPython3

在 CMake 中指定具体 Python 环境，可以在 find_package(Python3) 前指定：

set(Python3_ROOT_DIR "YOUR_PYTHON_PATH")

当 CMake 版本低于 3.15 时，需要额外指定：

set(Python3_FIND_STRATEGY LOCATION)

详见：

完整的示例：

# cmake_policy(SET CMP0094 NEW)

set(Python3_ROOT_DIR "E:/Development/Micromamba/envs/sci")

find_package(Python3 COMPONENTS Interpreter Development)

message(STATUS "Python3_FOUND: ${Python3_FOUND}")
if (Python3_FOUND)
    message(STATUS "Python3_INCLUDE_DIRS: ${Python3_INCLUDE_DIRS}")
    message(STATUS "Python3_LIBRARIES: ${Python3_LIBRARIES}")
    message(STATUS "Python3_VERSION: ${Python3_VERSION}")
    message(STATUS "Python3_EXECUTABLE: ${Python3_EXECUTABLE}")
endif ()

参见：FindPython ignores Python3_ROOT_DIR in favor of a newer interpreter (#21186) · 议题 · CMake / CMake · GitLab (kitware.com)

FindPythonInterp & FindPythonLibs

这种方式已在 3.12 版本被弃用，推荐使用新方式

使用这种方式时，只需在 find_package(PythonInterp) 前指定 PYTHON_EXECUTABLE，find_package(PythonLibs) 同理，可以指定 PYTHON_LIBRARY （Python 库的路径）和 PYTHON_INCLUDE_DIR （Python 头文件的路径）。例如：

# cmake_policy(SET CMP0148 OLD)

set(PYTHON_EXECUTABLE "E:/Development/Micromamba/envs/sci/python.exe")
set(PYTHON_LIBRARY "E:/Development/Micromamba/envs/sci/libs/python310.lib")
set(PYTHON_INCLUDE_DIR "E:/Development/Micromamba/envs/sci/include")

find_package(PythonInterp)
find_package(PythonLibs)

message(STATUS "Python found: ${PYTHONINTERP_FOUND}")
message(STATUS "Python version: ${PYTHON_VERSION_STRING}")
message(STATUS "Python Library found: ${PYTHONLIBS_FOUND}")
message(STATUS "Python Library version: ${PYTHONLIBS_VERSION_STRING}")

详见：